File And Folder Permissions
Information on file and folder permissions required for Umbraco sites
To ensure a stable and smoothly running Umbraco installation, these permissions need to be set correctly. These permissions should be set up before or during the installation of Umbraco.
The main account that requires 'modify' file permissions to be set on the folders below, is the account used start Umbraco. If Umbraco is hosted in IIS this will be the Application Pool Identity for the IIS website. Usually IIS APPPOOL\appPoolName or a specific local account or in some circumstances Network Service. If in doubt, ask your server admin / hosting company. Additionally, the Internet User (IUSR) account and IIS_IUSRS account only require 'read only' access to the site's folders.
Generally, when developing locally with Visual Studio or Rider, permissions do not need to be strictly applied.
If you have any specific static files/media items/etc, you should add the appropriate permissions accordingly.
The permissions documentation should allow you to run a plain Umbraco install successfully.
/appSettings*.json
Modify / Full control
Only needed for setting database and a global identifier during installation. So can be set to read-only afterwards for enhanced security.
/App_Plugins
Modify / Full control
Should always have modify rights as the folder and its files are used by packages. Not part of your project by default.
/umbraco
Modify / Full control
Should always have modify rights as the folder and its files are used for cache and storage.
/Views
Modify / Full control
Should always have modify rights as the folder and its files are used for Templates, Partial views, and Macro files.
/wwwroot/css
Modify / Full control
Should always have modify rights as the folder and its files are used for CSS files.
/wwwroot/media
Modify / Full control
Should always have modify rights as the folder and its files are used for Media files uploaded via the Umbraco CMS backoffice.
/wwwroot/scripts
Modify / Full control
Should always have modify rights as the folder and its files are used for script files.
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