Custom File Systems (IFileSystem)
A guide to creating custom file systems in Umbraco
Media Filesystem
Before considering a custom media file system, be sure to first read about the configuration options for UmbracoMediaPath
and UmbracoMediaPhysicalRootPath
in the configuration reference docs. These configurations may save you from creating your own media file system entirely.
By default, Umbraco uses an instance of PhysicalFileSystem
to handle the storage location of the media archive (wwwroot/media).
This can be configured by composition:
When creating a PhysicalFileSystem
it takes some dependencies like IIOHelper
, but the last two parameters are what we're interested in.
The rootPath
is where your media will be stored on the disk. Since netcore by default stores files in the wwwroot
, we must put our desired folder somewhere within wwwroot
to ensure that we use hostingEnvironment.MapPathWebRoot(~/CustomMediaFolder)
. The ~
will be mapped to your wwwroot
folder, so the final rootPath
will be your/project/path/wwwroot/CustomMediaFolder
. The ~
is therefore important.
The rootUrl
is the base URL that your media files will be served from. In this case, your image URL could look something like mysite.com/CustomMediaFolder/MyAwesomePicture.png
. Again the ~
is important.
In the code sample above, the rootUrl
must map to the the same physical location as rootPath
, which again must be placed under wwwroot
. If you want to store the media files outside of wwwroot
there is an extra step involved; you need to instruct netcore to include static files from a different physical location.
The rootUrl
is the base URL that your media files will be served from. In this case, your image URL could look something like mysite.com/CustomMediaFolder/MyAwesomePicture.png
. Again the ~
is important. With the code sample above, the rootUrl
must map to the same physical location as rootPath
, otherwise, you will get 404's for your images.
If you want to store the media files outside of wwwroot
there is an extra step involved; you need to instruct netcore to include static files from a different physical location.
In the Program.cs
file, register a new static file location like so:
The PhysicalFileProvider takes a single parameter, the RootPath
. This is the rooted filesystem path using directory separator chars and not ending with a directory separator, eg: c:\storage\umbracoMedia
or \\server\path
. The safest way to achieve this is using Path.Combine
.
You also have to specify the RequestPath
. This is the relative URL where the media will be served using URL separator chars and not ending with a separator, eg: /CustomPath
or /Media
.
Now you can use your newly registered static file location as if it was wwwroot
. Notice how you no longer need to use hostingEnvironment.MapPathWebRoot(folderLocation)
, since you're no longer trying to map the location to somewhere within wwwroot
, but instead use your newly registered static file location.
This is almost the same as when registering a location within the wwwroot
folder. The only difference is that rootPath
is now set to the path we gave the PhysicalFileProvider
and the rootUrl
is the same as we set as the RequestPath
in the StaticFileOption
.
Our media is now stored in C:\storage\umbracoMedia
, and is served from the base URL /CustomPath
, so an image URL will look something like mysite.com/CustomPath/MyAwesomePicture.png
.
Creating a custom file system
You can replace PhysicalFileSystem
with a custom file system implementation - eg. if you want your media files stored on Amazon S3 or elsewhere outside your site.
To achieve this, you must first create your own file system by implementing the interfaces IFileSystem
and IFileProviderFactory
(the interfaces that are implemented by PhysicalFileSystem
).
You then replace the media filesystem by composition using IUmbracoBuilder.SetMediaFileSystem(...)
(as is demonstrated in the paragraphs above), but instead of returning a PhysicalFileSystem
, you return your own file system implementation.
For inspiration on building a custom file system, have a look at the Azure Blob Storage file system implementation.
Accessing the media file system from code
The example below uses UmbracoAuthorizedApiController
which has been removed from Umbraco 14. Use ManagementApiControllerBase
class instead.
Since the default media file system can be swapped with custom implementations, you should never access the implementation directly. Umbraco uses a manager class called MediaFileManager
. You can get a reference to this manager class via dependency injection in the constructor for your custom class or controller:
You can then access the configured file system provider through _mediaFileManager.FileSystem
, which is the same way Umbraco will access the file system provider.
MediaPath Scheme
The MediaPath Scheme defines the current set of rules that decide the format of the Media Path when it is saved into the media archive wherever it is located.
By default the MediaPath scheme used by Umbraco is the UniqueMediaPathScheme
this generates a unique 'folder' to place the uploaded image in eg.
/media/dozdrg2f/mylovelyimage.jpg
/media
is defined by the PhysicalFileSystem and 'dozdrg2f' is generated by the UniqueMediaPathScheme
.
You can set the MediaPathScheme
during composition, for example if you wanted to revert back to the V7 methodology in a migrated site:
And you could create your own logic for the path by implementing IMediaPathScheme
.
Other IFileSystems
Umbraco also registers instances of PhysicalFileSystem
for the following parts of Umbraco that persist to 'files':
MacroPartialsFileSystem
PartialViewsFileSystem
StylesheetsFileSystem
ScriptsFileSystem
MvcViewsFileSystem
These are accessible via dependency injection.
IFileSystem
, MediaFileManager
, and FileSystems
are located in the Umbraco.Cms.Core.IO
namespace.
Stylesheet Filesystem
Like with the media file system it is also possible to replace the stylesheet filesystem with your own implementation of IFileSystem
in a composer. It's important to note here that, unlike media file system, you cannot replace the filesystem with a PhysicalFileSystem
using a different root path or root URL, this will not work, and will cause issues since the root path is coupled to the virtual path, given by the frontend, e.g. /css/MyBeautifulStyle.css
.
When replacing the stylesheet filesystem, you don't need to register it, since it's only available through Filesystems, what you need to do instead is configure the FileSystems
to use your implementation for the StylesheetsFileSystem
.
The IUmbracoBuilder has an extension method for configuring the FileSystems
, you need to invoke this method with an action that accepts an IServiceProvider
and the FileSystems
you will configure, configuring the FileSystems
can look like this:
Where YourFileSystemImplementation
is a class that implements IFileSystem
. This should always be done in a composer, since we do not recommend trying to change filesystems on the fly.
After the SetStylesheetFileSystem
method has run, FileSystems.StylesheetsFileSystem
will return the instance that was created in the ConfigureFileSystems
extension method.
Custom providers
There is an Azure Blob Storage provider:
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