This section will describe how to secure your Umbraco Api controllers based on a users membership

Authorizing for the backoffice

Inheriting from UmbracoAuthorizedApiController

Probably the easiest way to ensure your controller is secured for only backoffice users is to inherit from Umbraco.Cms.Web.BackOffice.Controllers.UmbracoAuthorizedApiController. This is essentially the same as applying [Authorize(Policy = AuthorizationPolicies.BackOfficeAccess)] to your controller (see below).

The UmbracoAuthorizedApiController is automatically routed. Check out the routing documentation for more information on this topic.

Using the Authorize attribute

To secure your controller based on backoffice membership use the attribute: Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authorization.Authorize, with the policy parameter set to AuthorizationPolicies.BackOfficeAccess, like so: [Authorize(Policy = AuthorizationPolicies.BackOfficeAccess)].

This attribute will ensure that a valid backoffice user is logged in. It is important to know that this only works if the controller is routed to /umbraco/backoffice/*.

Example:

This will only allow a logged in backoffice user to access the GetProductaction:

public class ProductsController : UmbracoApiController
{
    [Authorize(Policy = AuthorizationPolicies.BackOfficeAccess)]
    [Route("umbraco/backoffice/product/{id?}")]
    public string GetProduct(int? id)
    {
        if (id is not null)
        {
            return $"Monitor model {id}";
        }
        return "Base model Monitor";
    }
}

The AuthorizationPolicies has a series of other options you can set. An example is UserBelongsToUserGroupInRequest. By using this policy, you can check if the current incoming request of the user is in a specific backoffice User Group.

Example:

This will only allow a logged-in backoffice user that has access to the SensitiveData User Group to access the GetProduct action:

public class ProductsController : UmbracoApiController
{
    [Authorize(Policy = AuthorizationPolicies.UserBelongsToUserGroupInRequest, Roles = Security.SensitiveDataGroupAlias)]
    [Route("umbraco/backoffice/product/{id?}")]
    public string GetProduct(int? id)
    {
        if (id is not null)
        {
            return $"Monitor model {id}";
        }
        return "Base model Monitor";
    }
}

Adding custom policies

You can add custom policies so you can set up your own requirements. You can do this by adding a new Policy to your builder:

Example:

builder.Services.AddAuthorization(options =>
    options.AddPolicy(MyConstants.CustomPolicyName, policy => // Always good to use constants
    {
        policy.AuthenticationSchemes.Add(Constants.Security.BackOfficeAuthenticationType); // Default backoffice authentication scheme
        policy.RequireRole(Constants.Security.SensitiveDataGroupAlias); // Add the Sensitive Group as a requirement

        // Add more requirements as needed
    })
);

After configuring, you can now use the Authorize attribute with the name of your policy:

[Authorize(Policy = MyConstants.CustomPolicyName)]

Using MemberAuthorizeAttribute

To secure your controller based on front-end membership use the attribute: Umbraco.Cms.Web.Common.Filters.UmbracoMemberAuthorize.

There are 3 parameters that can be supplied to control how the authorization works:

// Comma delimited list of allowed member types
string AllowType

// Comma delimited list of allowed member groups
string AllowGroup

// Comma delimited list of allowed member Ids
string AllowMembers

To allow all members, use the attribute without supplying any parameters.

You can apply these attributes at the controller level or at the action level.

Examples:

This will only allow logged in members of type "Retailers" to access the GetAllProductsaction:

public class ProductsController : UmbracoApiController
{
    [UmbracoMemberAuthorize("Retailers", "", "")]
    public IEnumerable<string> GetAllProducts()
    {
        return new[] {"Table", "Chair", "Desk", "Computer"};
    }
}

This will only allow member's belonging to the group VIP to access any actions on the controller:

[UmbracoMemberAuthorize("", "VIP", "")]
public class ProductsController : UmbracoApiController
{
    public IEnumerable<string> GetAllProducts()
    {
        return new[] {"Table", "Chair", "Desk", "Computer"};
    }
}

This will only allow member's with Ids 1, 10 and 20 to access any actions on the controller:

[UmbracoMemberAuthorize("", "", "1,10,20")]
public class ProductsController : UmbracoApiController
{
    public IEnumerable<string> GetAllProducts()
    {
        return new[] {"Table", "Chair", "Desk", "Computer"};
    }
}

This section will describe how Umbraco Api controllers are routed and how to retrieve their URLs

Routing

Like Surface Controllers in Umbraco, when you inherit from the base class Umbraco.Cms.Web.Common.Controllers.UmbracoApiController we will auto-route this controller so you don't have to worry about routing at all.

All locally declared Umbraco api controllers will be routed under the URL path of:

~/Umbraco/Api/[YourControllerName]

All plugin based Umbraco api controllers will be routed under the URL path of:

~/Umbraco/[YourAreaName]/[YourControllerName]

• More information on implementing these controllers.

Urls

We've added some handy UrlHelper extension methods to help you retrieve the Url of your Umbraco Api controllers. The extension methods are found in the class: Umbraco.Extensions.UrlHelperExtensions so you'll need to ensure you have the namespace Umbraco.Extensions imported. You will also need to inject UmbracoApiControllerTypeCollection, if you want to use any of the overloads that require it.

The method overloads are:

string GetUmbracoApiService<T>(UmbracoApiControllerTypeCollection umbracoApiControllerTypeCollection, string actionName)
string GetUmbracoApiService<T>(UmbracoApiControllerTypeCollection umbracoApiControllerTypeCollection, Expression<Func<T, object>> methodSelector)
string GetUmbracoApiService(UmbracoApiControllerTypeCollection umbracoApiControllerTypeCollection, string actionName, Type apiControllerType)
string GetUmbracoApiService(string actionName, string controllerName)
string GetUmbracoApiService(string actionName, string controllerName, string area)

The most consistent way to retrieve a Url is to use your controller's type, and an expression to select the action. Example of retrieving a URL in a view:

@using RoutingDocs.ApiControllers
@inject Umbraco.Cms.Core.UmbracoApiControllerTypeCollection _controllers;

@(Url.GetUmbracoApiService<ProductsController>(_controllers, controller => controller.GetAllProducts()))

Generally a UrlHelper instance will be available on most base classes like Controllers and Views, and you shouldn't have to create it manually, but if you need to you can, by injecting IUrlHelperFactory and IActionContextAccessor and then use the factory like so:

var urlHelper = _urlFactory.GetUrlHelper(_actionContextAccessor.ActionContext);
var url = urlHelper.GetUmbracoApiService("GetAllProducts", "Products");

This section will describe how to work with Web API in Umbraco to create REST services

Related links:

• Umbraco API routes and Urls

• Umbraco API authorization

What is Web API?

The Microsoft Web API reference can be found on the official ASP.NET Web API website.

"ASP.NET enables you to build services that reach a broad range of clients, including browsers and mobile devices. With ASP.NET you use the same framework and patterns to build both web pages and services, side-by-side in the same project."

A great resource for getting started with creating web API's using .Net Core is the official Microsoft documentation.

Web Api in Umbraco

We have created a base API controller for developers to inherit from. This will ensure that the API controller gets routed. This does not expose any specific Umbraco-related services or objects but does inherit from the .Net Core controller base. This means that you will have access to the same things you would from a regular .Net Core controller. Dependency injection is also available to controllers. Any Umbraco-specific services or objects you might need can be injected into the constructor.

The class to inherit from is: Umbraco.Cms.Web.Common.Controllers.UmbracoApiController

Creating a Web API controller

There are 2 types of Umbraco API controllers:

1. A locally declared controller - is not routed via an Area.

2. A plugin based controller - is routed via an Area.

When working on your own projects you will normally be creating a locally declared controller which requires no additional steps. However, if you are creating an Umbraco package, to be distributed, you will want to create a plugin based controller so it gets routed via its own area. This ensures that the route will not overlap with someone's locally declared controller if they are both named the same thing.

Naming conventions

It is very important that you name your controllers according to these guidelines or else they will not get routed:

All controller class names must be suffixed with "Controller" and inherit from UmbracoApiController. Some examples:

public class ProductsController : UmbracoApiController
public class CustomersController : UmbracoApiController
public class ScoresController : UmbracoApiController

Locally declared controller

This is the most common way to create an Umbraco API controller, you inherit from the class Umbraco.Cms.Web.Common.Controllers.UmbracoApiController and that is all. You will need to follow the guidelines specified by Microsoft for creating a Web API controller, documentation can be found on the official Microsoft documentation website.

Example:

public class ProductsController : UmbracoApiController
{
    public IEnumerable<string> GetAllProducts()
    {
        return new[] {"Table", "Chair", "Desk", "Computer"};
    }
}

All locally declared Umbraco API controllers will be routed under the url path of:

~/Umbraco/Api/[YourControllerName]

E.g. *~/Umbraco/Api/Products/GetAllProducts

Note that the "Controller" part of your controller name gets stripped away.

Plugin based controller

If you are creating an Umbraco API controller to be shipped in an Umbraco package you will need to add the Umbraco.Cms.Web.Common.Attributes.PluginController attribute to your controller to ensure that it is routed via an area. The area name is up to you to specify in the attribute.

Example:

[PluginController("AwesomeProducts")]
public class ProductsController : UmbracoApiController
{
    public IEnumerable<string> GetAllProducts()
    {
        return new[] {"Table", "Chair", "Desk", "Computer"};
    }
}

Now this controller will be routed via the area called "AwesomeProducts". All plugin based Umbraco API controllers will be routed under the url path of:

~/Umbraco/[YourAreaName]/[YourControllerName]

E.g. ~/Umbraco/AwesomeProducts/Products/GetAllProducts

For more information about areas, Urls and routing see the routing section

Backoffice controllers

If you are creating a controller to work within the Umbraco backoffice then you will need to ensure that it is secured properly by inheriting from: UmbracoAuthorizedApiController or UmbracoAuthorizedJsonController. This controller type will auto-route your controller like the above examples except that it will add another segment to the path: 'backoffice'.

~/Umbraco/backoffice/Api/[YourControllerName]

~/Umbraco/backoffice/[YourAreaName]/[YourControllerName]

E.g. ~/Umbraco/backoffice/Api/Products/GetAllProducts or

~/Umbraco/backoffice/AwesomeProducts/Products/GetAllProducts for PluginController

More Information

• Authenticating & Authorizing controllers

Using MVC Attribute Routing in Umbraco Web API Controllers

Attribute routing uses attributes to define routes. Attribute routing gives you more control over the URIs in your web application.

For example:

"Umbraco": {
 "CMS": {
  "Global": {
    "ReservedPaths": "~/api,~/app_plugins/,~/install/,~/mini-profiler-resources/,~/umbraco/,"
      }
   }
}

For more information, see the Global Settings article.

To use attribute routing, add the Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Route attribute to the controller or controller action you want to route. If you want to attribute route an entire controller you have to add the [action] token in order to route to an action, for instance:

[Route("products/[action]")]
public class ProductsController : UmbracoApiController
{
    public IEnumerable<string> GetAllProducts()
    {
        return new[] {"Table", "Chair", "Desk", "Computer"};
    }

    public string GetProduct()
    {
        return "Monitor";
    }
}

This route the controllers actions like so:

~/products/GetAllProducts and ~/products/GetProduct

If you use the route attribute for a specific action the [action] token is not nececary, but you can request parameters from the path in a similar manner, using the {parameterName} syntax, for instance:

public class ProductsController : UmbracoApiController
{
    public IEnumerable<string> GetAllProducts()
    {
        return new[] {"Table", "Chair", "Desk", "Computer"};
    }

    [Route("product/{id?}")]
    public string GetProduct(int? id)
    {
        if (id is not null)
        {
            return $"Monitor model {id}";
        }
        return "Base model Monitor";
    }
}

Here the GetAllProducts endpoint will be routed normally, but the GetProduct will be routed as ~/product where you can optionally access it as ~/product/4, or any other number, if a number is included as the last segment of the path, let's say 4, the action will return "Monitor model 4", otherwise it will just return "Base model Monitor".

This is not anything Umbraco specific, so to read more about attribute routing, see the routing article on the official Microsoft documentation.