Creating a Package

Tutorial to create a package in Umbraco

The goal of this tutorial is to extend Umbraco and create a package. The tutorial's starting point is to create a package out of the dashboard from the Creating a Custom Dashboard tutorial. The process is the same for most packages so feel free to follow along with something else.

Creating a package schema in the backoffice

To create a package, you first need to create a package schema through the Umbraco backoffice:

1. Go to the Packages section.

2. Select Created in the top-right corner of the screen.

3. Select the Create package button.

   

   Buttons to select for creating a package schema in the backoffice
4. On the Create package page, there are fields that you can use to construct the contents of your package that are based on items from the backoffice.

5. Enter the package name at the top - we will call our dashboard the same as in the mentioned Tutorial: Custom Welcome Dashboard.

We will now take a look at the different information that can be filled in:

Package Content section

These values are used to determine which backoffice items the package should contain. We will fill in the following things:

Property	Value	Note
Content	Empty	Here, you can include content - e.g. if you want to create a starter kit. Not relevant for this package though.
Media	Empty	Here, you can include media - e.g. if you want to add media to the starter kit. Not relevant for this package though.
Document Types	Empty	Similar to the Content picker above. It is important to note that if you include content, you will need to also pick all its dependencies in this and the next steps for them to be packaged together!
Media Types	Empty	Similar to the Media picker above. It is important to note that if you include media, you will need to also pick all its dependencies in this and the next steps for them to be packaged together!
Macros	Empty	See Document Types above
Languages	Empty	See Document Types above - all text is hardcoded or within our own lang folder in this package, so this is not needed.
Dictionary	Empty	See Document Types above
Data Types	Empty	See Document Types above
Templates	Empty	See Document Types above
Stylesheets	Empty	These will come from the wwwroot/css folder. If you have stylesheets you want to include from other locations (like App_Plugins folder) you can do so at a later step.
Scripts	Empty	These will come from the wwwroot/scripts folder. If you have scripts you want to include from other locations (like App_Plugins folder) you can do so at a later step.
Partial Views	Empty	See Document Types above

After filling out all the information, we can select Create to create the package schema. We will download it and take a closer look at what it contains.

Inspecting a package ZIP

If your package doesn't include backoffice specific items, the result from downloading it will be just a package.xml file. Otherwise, if you select media files you will download a ZIP package that looks like this:

Content of a ZIP package

Additionally to the package.xml, there is a folder containing the media items for your package. The rest of the information is recorded in the XML schema document.

The files that we created from the Creating a Custom Dashboard Tutorial will be discussed at a later point. Now, let's take a look at the package.xml file:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<umbPackage>
  <info>
    <package>
      <name>Custom Welcome Dashboard</name>
    </package>
  </info>
  <DocumentTypes />
  <MediaTypes />
  <Templates />
  <Stylesheets />
  <Scripts />
  <PartialViews />
  <Macros />
  <MacroPartialViews />
  <DictionaryItems />
  <Languages />
  <DataTypes />
  <MediaItems />
</umbPackage>

You will notice that the values for each of the fields we provided can be found inside this XML file. But since our example doesn't require any backoffice items, just the package name is contained. In a different case, the other values will be kept under the respective XML tags.

Creating a NuGet package

This is the next step of preparing your package before install. Umbraco 9 only supports packages using NuGet installation, which enforces better practices for both source control and deployment. Here, you will find how to create a NuGet Package for the custom dashboard that will extend Umbraco's functionality.

NuGet is the standard package manager for .NET projects. More information about NuGet and how it works can be found on the Microsoft documentation pages for NuGet.

Generate an empty package using a template

Assuming you have already installed the Umbraco templates, you can execute the following command in the .NET CLI to create a package project, that will include the necessary configuration for packing and installing your client-side assets:

dotnet new umbracopackage --name CustomWelcomeDashboard

For a guide on how to install the project templates, follow the 2 steps listed in the Install the template section.

The outcome is the files generated below:

Content of an empty package

Apart from the project file, you can find an empty package.manifest inside the App_Plugins folder, which we will replace with the one created from the Creating a Custom Dashboard Tutorial. But more importantly, it also contains a build/CustomWelcomeDashboard.targets file.

This file contains an msbuild target that is executed when a project has a dependency on this package. It copies the App_Plugins folder into the project on build. This is required for having Umbraco packages in a NuGet package format.

If you are planning to overwrite the contents of the App_Plugins folder, make sure that the subfolder containing your package contents has the same name as the one you specified after the --name flag and that the package.manifest has the correct path references to your files.

You can also add your custom C# files in the root of the package folder which will be part of the DLL of the package, but for our example, this won't be necessary.

Transfer files

As mentioned previously, let's navigate to the App_Plugins folder and replace its contents with the custom files we created for our new dashboard.

App_Plugins with dashboard files

Specify package properties

In this section, we will demonstrate how you can add metadata about the package and its creator(s).

Now that Umbraco 9 is built on ASP.NET Core, you can add values directly to the package csproj file and it will pick them up. If you don't want to manually edit the csproj file, you can right-click your project, go to Properties and then to Package. There you can insert your specific information:

Package properties

Here is an example of some basic properties that you can specify in your project file:

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
    <PropertyGroup>
        . . . 
        <Title>CustomWelcomeDashboard</Title>
        <Description>...</Description>
        <PackageTags>umbraco plugin package</PackageTags>
        <Version>1.0.0</Version>
        <Authors>Umbraco HQ</Authors>
        <PackageProjectUrl>https://umbraco.com</PackageProjectUrl>
        <PackageLicenseExpression>MIT</PackageLicenseExpression>
    </PropertyGroup>
    . . .
</Project>

The Title, Description, PackageTags came with the template and we added some further information like Version, Authors, PackageProjectUrl and PackageLicenseExpression that we elaborate on below:

Property	Value	Note
Version	1.0.0	This is automatically set to 1.0.0 but can be changed as appropriate.
Authors	Your name	Here you get to take credit for your awesome work!
PackageProjectUrl	https://umbraco.com	This URL will be shown as the package's URL when others install it. It will likely be a GitHub repository, or similar.
PackageLicenseExpression	MIT	The license is set to MIT. Please consider how you want your package licensed. If in doubt when deciding an open-source license there are good resources available.

Pack it

It is time to create the actual NuGet package (that is, a .nupkg file). Executing the dotnet pack command in the package directory will take care of building the project and outputing the generated NuGet package in the bin folder (the output on the CLI shows the full path to the .nupkg file).

If you want to specify the output location, just execute the following command instead:

dotnet pack --output MyNugetPackages

It will pack the project in the current directory and place the resulting package into the MyNugetPackages folder.

Publish it

To allow other people to use your package you will need to publish it to a public NuGet repository. The most common repository is at https://nuget.org.

There is comprehensive documentation on how to Publish a NuGet package to NuGet.org in the official NuGet documentation, as well as how to Publish to a private feed while developing.

Installing a NuGet package

You can install your newly created NuGet package using Visual Studio, Rider, Command Line or editing the project file directly.

We will continue using the CLI and first create a Umbraco project, and then add the package reference to it:

dotnet new umbraco -n CustomWelcomeDashboardProject
cd CustomWelcomeDashboardProject
dotnet add package CustomWelcomeDashboard.1.0.0
dotnet run

You can check that the NuGet package was referenced in your solution and that the App_Plugins assets were restored successfully. Our simple package is now installed and you can see the custom dashboard in the backoffice. No further actions are required for our example. However, we will go ahead and mention a few more steps necessary for the more complex packages.

A different approach when you want to test it locally without publishing it anywhere is to create a test site of the package. You can use our dotnet new umbraco template, this time with a special flag -p which will add a project dependency to our package and import the target file from that project. So when you build the new project, it will also copy the App_Plugins folder from the package project into the test project. In the same way, as if it was a NuGet reference.

This is the full command:

dotnet new umbraco -n CustomWelcomeDashboardProject -p CustomWelcomeDashboard

Afterwards, you can enter the CustomWelcomeDashboardProject directory, build your Umbraco website using the dotnet build command and then run the application.

Package migration

We can run a migration plan for each package that contains Umbraco content (referenced in the package schema).

Automatic Package Migration

If you just want to ship a package that only installs the schema and the content you chose, then you can inherit from the AutomaticPackageMigrationPlan as seen below, and specify the package name that will be displayed under the packages Installed tab in the backoffice. You will also need to embed the schema file in the same namespace.

using Umbraco.Cms.Infrastructure.Packaging;

namespace CustomWelcomeDashboardProject.Migrations;

public class PackageMigrationPlan : AutomaticPackageMigrationPlan
{
    public PackageMigrationPlan() : base("Custom Welcome Dashboard")
    {
    }
}

Automatic package migration

Whenever the embedded package.xml file changes, the automatic package migration plan is executed again. This is due to the fact that the migration state is based on the file hash. Existing schema or content will not be overwritten in this process.

Custom Package Migration

Instead of creating an automatic package migration plan, we will inherit from the PackageMigrationPlan and again specify the name of the package in the base constructor. Further on, we will define the plan using a unique GUID - in the example below we have a single migration called MyCustomMigration.

using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Packaging;

namespace CustomWelcomeDashboardProject.Migrations;

public class CustomPackageMigrationPlan : PackageMigrationPlan
{
    public CustomPackageMigrationPlan() : base("Custom Welcome Dashboard")
    {
    }

    protected override void DefinePlan()
    {
        To<CustomPackageMigration>(new Guid("4FD681BE-E27E-4688-922B-29EDCDCB8A49"));
    }
}

The custom migrations can inherit from PackageMigrationBase where we can use helper methods to pick up the schema. But we can also use the regular MigrationBase class.

using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Configuration.Models;
using Umbraco.Cms.Core.IO;
using Umbraco.Cms.Core.PropertyEditors;
using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Services;
using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Strings;
using Umbraco.Cms.Infrastructure.Migrations;
using Umbraco.Cms.Infrastructure.Packaging;

namespace CustomWelcomeDashboardProject.Migrations;

public class CustomPackageMigration : PackageMigrationBase
{
    public CustomPackageMigration(
        IPackagingService packagingService,
        IMediaService mediaService,
        MediaFileManager mediaFileManager,
        MediaUrlGeneratorCollection mediaUrlGenerators,
        IShortStringHelper shortStringHelper,
        IContentTypeBaseServiceProvider contentTypeBaseServiceProvider,
        IMigrationContext context,
        IOptions<PackageMigrationSettings> packageMigrationsSettings) 
        : base(
            packagingService,
            mediaService,
            mediaFileManager,
            mediaUrlGenerators,
            shortStringHelper,
            contentTypeBaseServiceProvider,
            context,
            packageMigrationsSettings)
    {
    }

    protected override void Migrate()
    {
        ImportPackage.FromEmbeddedResource<CustomPackageMigration>().Do();
    }
}

Here we also added the ZIP file as an embedded resource to the package project.

ZIP as an embedded resource

Automatic package migration

Whichever migration plan you choose to create, you will be able to see that your package has been installed after the migration is completed.

Installed package

When using a custom package migration plan, the current state is ignored by default. This causes it to execute all migrations again whenever this isn't the same as the final state of the plan (e.g. if you added a new migration). This is due to the IgnoreCurrentState being set to true in the PackageMigrationPlan base class. You can override this property and set it to false again to make it behave like regular migration plans and only run the migrations that have not yet been executed on the current environment.

Attended/Unattended migration execution

After creating a migration plan, the content and schema will automatically be imported either during unattended package migration or from the Packages section in the backoffice.

By default, all these package migrations are executed unattended during startup but the solution owners can disable this in the configuration. IntelliSense can help, as well as provide further information about the PackageMigrationsUnattended setting. Then in the Packages section, there will be an option to run the package migration for each package individually when the PackageMigrationsUnattended is set to false.

  "Umbraco": {
    "CMS": {
      . . .
      "Unattended": {
        "PackageMigrationsUnattended": false
      }
    }
  }

Attended package install

The configuration of package migrations can be different for each environment and makes it possible to have the migration executed unattended on the development environment, but leave them out or manually execute them on other environments. This is useful when you use a tool like Umbraco Deploy or USync as these will migrate the content.