# Publish content programmatically

The ContentService is also used for publishing operations.

The following example shows a page being published with all descendants.

```csharp
using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Models;
using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Services;

namespace Umbraco.Cms.Web.UI.Custom;

public class PublishContentDemo
{
    private readonly IContentService _contentService;

    public PublishContentDemo(IContentService contentService) => _contentService = contentService;

    public void Publish(Guid key)
    {
        IContent? content = _contentService.GetById(key)
            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"Could not find content with key: {key}.");

        _contentService.SaveAndPublishBranch(content, PublishBranchFilter.Default);
    }
}
```

The `PublishBranchFilter` option can include one or more of the following flags:

* `Default` - publishes existing published content with pending changes.
* `IncludeUnpublished` - publishes unpublished content and existing published content with pending changes.
* `ForceRepublish` - publishes existing published content with or without pending changes.
* `All` - combines `IncludeUnpublished` and `ForceRepublish`.


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# Agent Instructions: Querying This Documentation

If you need additional information that is not directly available in this page, you can query the documentation dynamically by asking a question.

Perform an HTTP GET request on the current page URL with the `ask` query parameter:

```
GET https://docs.umbraco.com/umbraco-cms/13.latest/reference/management/services/contentservice/publish-content-programmatically.md?ask=<question>
```

The question should be specific, self-contained, and written in natural language.
The response will contain a direct answer to the question and relevant excerpts and sources from the documentation.

Use this mechanism when the answer is not explicitly present in the current page, you need clarification or additional context, or you want to retrieve related documentation sections.