> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://docs.umbraco.com/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://docs.umbraco.com/umbraco-cms/13.latest/reference/management/services/contentservice/publish-content-programmatically.md).

# Publish content programmatically

The ContentService is also used for publishing operations.

The following example shows a page being published with all descendants.

```csharp
using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Models;
using Umbraco.Cms.Core.Services;

namespace Umbraco.Cms.Web.UI.Custom;

public class PublishContentDemo
{
    private readonly IContentService _contentService;

    public PublishContentDemo(IContentService contentService) => _contentService = contentService;

    public void Publish(Guid key)
    {
        IContent? content = _contentService.GetById(key)
            ?? throw new InvalidOperationException($"Could not find content with key: {key}.");

        _contentService.SaveAndPublishBranch(content, PublishBranchFilter.Default);
    }
}
```

The `PublishBranchFilter` option can include one or more of the following flags:

* `Default` - publishes existing published content with pending changes.
* `IncludeUnpublished` - publishes unpublished content and existing published content with pending changes.
* `ForceRepublish` - publishes existing published content with or without pending changes.
* `All` - combines `IncludeUnpublished` and `ForceRepublish`.


---

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